5.2. Systems of heating, ventilation and air conditioning
The design of systems of ventilation with a heater and To/in is presented on an illustration.
Design of system of ventilation with a heater and To/in
The salon is divided into two zones, – the driver and passengers, – for each of which it is possible to set individual parameters of ventilation, heating and air conditioning, except the circulation mode. Management of system of ventilation with a heater and To/in is given in the Head Governing bodies and methods of operation.
Hot OZh is passed via the heat exchanger, heating the air passing through it. Air supply in salon is regulated by gates. If to turn on the heater fan, air will move in salon more intensively. The fan can work with different speed. At the closed OZh gate comes on a small contour back to an engine radiator contour.
Before getting to salon, air passes through the filter in which the main share of dust settles. It is necessary to observe frequency of replacement of the filter since the dusty filter limits air supply that will lead to an air stagnation in salon. In addition the coal filter purifying air of final gases of diesel engines, etc. can be installed.
Distribution of streams of air of system of ventilation is carried out also by means of gates. On all models the air circulation mode is provided.
Air comes out salon through two air vents located in a back part of the car.
The air conditioning system (K/V) is included in a basic equipment of some models, and on other models can be installed in addition. Besides, the system of automatic control of a heater and K/B (ACC) can be installed. Components of the ACC system are specified illustrations.
Arrangement of components of the ACC system
Works with the K/V system have to be performed in a specialized workshop. Do not open a coolant circulation contour as at contact with skin coolant can cause a frostbite.
By means of the K/V system air temperature in salon can be lowered rather external temperature. During the work of system humidity of air in salon decreases. During wet weather, the arriving fresh air previously it is cooled then again heats up to the set temperature. Thus its drainage is made. By means of this procedure it is possible to get rid of fogging of glasses.
Components of the K/V system and their arrangement are specified illustrations.
Arrangement of components of the K/V system
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1 — the Compressor |
5 — the Broad valve |
In system coolant (R134a type) which depending on temperature and pressure can be in liquid or gaseous state circulates. The schematical description of streams of coolant is given in an illustration.
Coolant streams in the K/V system
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1 — the Compressor |
4 — the Broad valve |
The compressor of the conditioner is given by a belt from a bent shaft of the engine. He creates pressure in a contour of the coolant representing gas and causes its heating. In конденсаторехладагент it is cooled with external air. Thereof the warmed coolant passes into a liquid phase. Then under high pressure coolant is passed via the broad valve therefore pressure of coolant falls. After that coolant evaporates in a contour, at the same time strongly being cooled. In the evaporator coolant selects heat from the air blown through it. Thereof air is cooled and comes to interior of the car. As a result of heating in the evaporator coolant turns into gas and under low pressure comes to the compressor then process of circulation repeats.
Design of the broad valve
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1 — the Gas-filled camera |
5 — Pruzhina |
On model with the diesel V6 engine the additional heater using diesel fuel can be established. Besides, for increase in a water stream through a radiator of a heater of the models delivered on the markets with a frigid climate the circulation pulser can be installed (see the illustration Design of System of Ventilation with a heater and To/in).
Design of an additional heater
Security measures at service of the K/V system
The K/V system has to be served by exclusively prepared technicians trained in safe working methods with use of the appropriate equipment and with observance of rules of depressurization and also acquainted with methods of collecting and storage of automobile coolant.
- Do not allow contact of coolant with skin;
- During the work near the K/V system put on goggles;
- At hit of coolant on skin or in eyes do not pound the struck place. Immediately wash out an affected area cold water within not less than 15 minutes. Immediately ask for medical care in medical institution. Self-treatment is not allowed;
- Coolant is stored in a new cylinder under pressure. You store a cylinder at a temperature not above the 50th hail. Take the measures excluding falling of a cylinder about heights or other situations which can lead to its damage;
- Works should be carried out in well aired room. Coolant quickly evaporates, leads to reduction of access of oxygen and the complicated breath;
- Gaseous coolant is heavier than air and rather quickly has to gather below, for example, under the car;
- At combustion of coolant poisonous gas is formed. You store coolant far from open sources of fire. You do not smoke at work with the K/V system;
- When carrying out welding works near the K/V system do not subject to its influence high temperature or an open flame. The overheat can lead to increase in pressure in system and to ignition;
- Cleaning of the condenser or evaporator by means of water vapor is not allowed. It is necessary to use only cold water or compressed air.