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6.3.1. Principle of functioning of a control system of fuel injection

Fuel is sucked in from the fuel tank by the electric fuel pump and moves via the fuel filter to the fuel distributive highway. The regulator of pressure provides maintenance of pressure in fuel system at the level of 3.0 atm.

Through the electrooperated injectors fuel pulsewise is injected into the inlet pipeline located just before inlet valves of the engine. The control unit of the engine makes consecutive management of injectors according to an ignition order, regulates injection time and by that amount of injectable fuel.

The air necessary for formation of fuel mix is sucked in by the engine via the air filter and arrives through a butterfly valve, the air distributor and the inlet pipeline to inlet valves. The amount of the soaked-up air is regulated by the butterfly valve given by a cable from the accelerator pedal. The volume of the soaked-up air is defined by the sensor of an air stream (MAF). For increase in engine capacity the turbocompressor given by a stream of final gases is established.

The control unit of the engine defines optimum time of ignition, the moment of injection and amount of injectable fuel in coordination with other systems of the car.

Information from other sensors and the operating tension arriving to executive bodies ensures optimum functioning of the engine in any situation. If some sensors fail, the control unit switches in the mode of the emergency program to exclude possible damage of the engine and to provide the further movement of the car.

The arrangement of components of control systems of petrol engines is specified on illustrations.

Arrangement of components of a control system of the 4-cylinder engine

1 — the Sensor of position of the accelerator pedal (APP)
2 — the Sensor of provision of a pedal of a brake (BPP) – on a brake pedal *
3 — the Sensor of provision of a bent shaft (CKP)
4 — the Diagnostic socket (DLC) – under the dashboard, from the driver *
5 — the Control unit of the engine (ECM) – models with the left wheel
6 — the Control unit of the engine (ECM) – models with the right wheel
7 — the engine management Relay – in assembly in salon *
8 — the Sensor of temperature of OZh (ECT)
9 — the Valve of 1 purge of an adsorber of the EVAP system
10 — the Valve 2 purges of an adsorber of the EVAP system – for a loker of the right forward wheel arch *
11 — the Sensor of pressure of vapors of the EVAP system – in the fuel tank *
12 — the Fuel filter – behind, in the right bottom corner *
13 — the fuel pressure Regulator
14 — the Fuel pump – in the fuel tank *
15 — the Relay of the fuel pump – in the assembly block in salon *
16 — the Lambda probe 1 – in front of the catalytic converter *

17 — the Lambda probe 2 – behind the catalytic converter (models with two a lambda probes) *
18 — the ignition Coil – in the ignition module *
19 — the ignition Module
20 — Injectors
21 — the Sensor of temperature of the soaked-up air (IAT)
22 — the detonation Sensor – in the ignition module *
23 — Em the valve of emergency operation
24 — the Relay Ý/m the valve of emergency operation – in the assembly block in salon *
25 — pressure Sensor in the inlet pipeline (MAP)
26 — the Sensor of volume of the soaked-up air (MAF)
27 — Э / the motor of the drive of a butterfly valve
28 — the Sensor of position of the drive of a butterfly valve
29 — Perepuskna Kapan of a turbocompressor
30 — pressure Sensor in a turbocompressor
31 — the Valve of adjustment of output port of a turbocompressor
32 — the car speed Sensor (VSS, forward right) – on a rotary fist of a wheel

* On an illustration are not designated

Arrangement of components of a control system of the V6 engine

1 — the Sensor of position of the accelerator pedal (APP)
2 — the Sensor of provision of a pedal of a brake (BPP) – on a brake pedal *
3 — the Sensor of provision of a pedal of coupling (CPP) – on a coupling pedal *
4 — the Sensor of provision of a bent shaft (CKP)
5 — D/V of a tempostat (on a brake pedal) *
6 — the Diagnostic socket (DLC) – under the dashboard, from the driver *
7 — the Control unit of the engine (ECM) – models with the left wheel
8 — the Control unit of the engine (ECM) – models with the right wheel
9 — the engine management Relay – in the main assembly block *
10 — the Sensor of temperature of OZh (ECT)
11 — the Valve of 1 purge of an adsorber of the EVAP system
12 — the Valve 2 purges of an adsorber of the EVAP system – behind, in the right bottom corner, model since 2000 of the issue (VIN since 040000) *
13 — the Sensor of pressure of vapors of the EVAP system – in the fuel tank, model since 2000 of the issue (VIN since 040000) *
14 — the Fuel filter – behind, in the right bottom corner *
15 — the fuel pressure Regulator
16 — the Fuel pump – in the fuel tank *
17 — the Relay of the fuel pump – in the main assembly block *
18 — Dokatalitichesky a lambda probe – in front of the catalytic converter *

19 — the Lambda probe 2 – behind the catalytic converter, models since 2000 of the issue (VIN since 040000) *
20 — the ignition Coil – in each module of ignition *
21 — the Forward module of ignition
22 — the Back module of ignition
23 — Injectors
24 — the Sensor of temperature of the soaked-up air (IAT)
25 — the detonation Sensor – in each module of ignition *
26 Ø/m valve of emergency operation
27 — the Relay Ý/m the valve of emergency operation – in the main assembly block *
28 — the Sensor of absolute pressure in the inlet pipeline (MAP)
29 — the Sensor of volume of the soaked-up air (MAF)
30 — the Pump of admixture of air (SAI), model since 2000 of the issue (VIN since 040000)
31 — the Relay of the pump SAI, model since 2000 of the issue (VIN since 040000) – in the main assembly block *
32 — Э / the motor of the drive of a butterfly valve
33 — the Sensor of position of the drive of a butterfly valve
34 — the Switch of the AT modes
35 — the car speed Sensor (VSS, forward right) – on a rotary fist of a wheel

* On an illustration are not designated

The scheme components of a power supply system and release of OG are given in illustrations.

Scheme of an inlet air path and path of release of OG of 4-cylinder engines

1 — the Control valve
2 — the Filtering element
3 — the MAF Sensor
4 — the Turbocompressor
5 — the Intercooler
6 — Perepuskna the valve
7 — Em the valve
8 — the throttle Case
9 — the Sensor of pressure forced the IAT air/sensor
10 — the MAP Sensor
11 — the Engine
12 — the Oil separator of system of ventilation of a case

13 — Control valves
14 — the purge Valve
15 — an EVAP system Adsorber
16 — the Valve of final port
17 — the Regulator of the forced air
18 — the Control valve of the forced air
19 — the Lambda probe
20/21 — the Forward/back catalytic converter
22/23 — the Forward/back muffler
24 — the Vacuum amplifier of brakes
25 — the Servo-driver of brakes
26 — the Control valve

The scheme of supply of fuel of petrol engines on the example of the 4-cylinder engine

1 — the Fuel tank
2 — the Fuel pump
3 — the Fuel filter
4 — the Giving fuel line

5 — the Fuel distributive highway
6 — the Injector
7 — pressure Regulator
8 — the Returnable fuel line

Short description of the principles of functioning of some of sensors and actuation mechanisms of a control system of the engine

The sensor of provision of a butterfly valve (TPS) is built in in the executive mechanism of a butterfly valve and issues information on the current coal of provision of a butterfly valve on ECM. The second potentiometer reports to ECM data on basic value and forms a spare signal at failure of a potentiometer of a butterfly valve.

The sensor of provision of a bent shaft (CKP) transfers to the control unit information on the speed of a bent shaft and finding of the piston of the first cylinder to VMT.

The sensor of temperature of cooling liquid (ECT) represents the resistor with negative temperature coefficient which resistance decreases with growth of temperature.

The sensor of measurement of mass of air (MAF) represents the termoanemometrichesky measuring instrument which is built in to the inlet air highway of the engine and ECM when determining parameters of a dosage of air-fuel mix is used.

The system of ventilation of a fuel tank / catching of fuel evaporations (EVAP) consists of a coal adsorber and Ý/m the valve of management of a purge of the last. In an adsorber the fuel vapors which are formed as a result of its heating accumulate. During the operation of the engine the fuel evaporations which accumulated in an adsorber are extended to the inlet highway and go to combustion chambers.

Lambda probes measure the content of oxygen in the fulfilled gases (FG) before and after catalytic converters and transmit the corresponding signals to the control unit of the engine.